小金丸对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎疼痛的影响

将80例痰湿瘀阻型慢性非细菌性前列腺炎患者采用随机、对照的方法，分为治疗组40例，对照组40例，分别给予小金丸和塞来昔布胶囊治疗，疗程4周，观察其对慢性前列腺炎疼痛症状评分的影响。发现小金丸治疗组患者疼痛症状评分较治疗前明显降低（P〈0.05）。由此得出小金丸对慢性非细菌性前列腺炎疼痛症状有一定的缓解作用。     

Influencing factors of disability among the elderly in China, 2003–2016: application of Bayesian quantile regression

Abstract

Background: More and more disabled elderly need long-term care as China becomes an aging society. In 2016, there were 220 million people over the age of 60, and nearly 10 million completely disabled elderly people who cannot complete Activities of Daily Living (ADLs). Therefore, the topic of influencing factors for disability among the elderly in China has attracted close attention from researchers, most of which use the traditional empirical methods, such as Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) and logistic.

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to introduce the Bayesian Quantile Regression (BQR) method to the topic of the disabled elderly, which was achieved by using BQR to study the influencing factors of disability among the elderly in China during 2003–2016.

Methods: This paper was the first attempt to use the BQR for the influencing factors of disability among the elderly in China. Furthermore, a comparison was made between the regression results of BQR, OLS, Quantile Regression (QR), and Bayesian Linear Regression (BLR).

Results: It was found that there was a relatively stable relationship between chronic diseases and disability, although there was a little difference in different quantiles. In addition, the BQR can obtain results similar to the traditional method. For instance, the coefficient of chronic diseases (to total disability) obtained by OLS, QR, and BLR were basically consistent (around 0.778), which was similar to BQR. The BQR not only provided estimates for all the quantiles, but also provided upper and lower values of a certain confidence interval.

Conclusions: By applying the BQR to the influencing factors of disability among the elderly in China, we reached the conclusion that BQR methods are adaptable for this research topic because of their characteristics and advantages over the traditional methods, such as less strict constraints, the estimates for all quantiles, and the combination of historical information with prior information. Moreover, the BQR method appropriately obtained the lower and upper values in a confidence interval, which can provide prediction space for the future.     

高校危机持续期和恢复期的传播策略——以广西几所高校为例

以高校危机可划分为潜伏酝酿、发展爆发、持续存在、减弱消退四个阶段为理论起点,指出其中的持续期和恢复期两阶段的传播应对策略容易被管理者所忽略。继而从理论层面进行剖析,并结合广西几所高校应对危机的实例,提出高校管理者须在此两个阶段继续掌握传播主动权,整合各种传媒资源,持续提供全面详尽的信息;进行反思与评估,积极配合媒体,重塑高校的良好形象。     

Healthcare costs of urinary tract infections and genital mycotic infections among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus initiated on canagliflozin: a retrospective cohort study

Objective: To assess the economic impact of urinary tract infections (UTIs) and genital mycotic infections (GMIs) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) initiated on canagliflozin.

Methods: Administrative claims data from April 2013 through June 2014 MarketScan^® databases were extracted. Adults with ≥1 claim for canagliflozin, T2DM diagnosis, and ≥90 days enrollment before and after canagliflozin initiation were propensity score matched to controls with T2DM initiated on other anti-hyperglycemic agents (AHAs). UTI and GMI healthcare costs were evaluated 90-days post-index and reported as cohort means.

Results: Rates of UTI claims 90 days post-index were similar in patients receiving canagliflozin for T2DM (n?=?31,257) and matched controls (2.7% vs 2.8%, p?=?.677). More canagliflozin than control patients had GMI claims (1.2% vs 0.6%, p?p?p?=?.150). GMI treatment costs were higher for the canagliflozin cohort ($3.68 vs $2.44, p?=?.041). Combined costs to treat either UTI and/or GMI averaged $31.29 per patient for the canagliflozin cohort v $39.77 for controls (p?=?.211). Rates and costs of UTIs and GMIs were higher for females than males, but the canagliflozin vs control trends observed for the overall sample were similar for both sexes. There were no significant cost differences between the canagliflozin and control cohorts among patients aged 18–64. Among patients aged 65 and above, GMI treatment costs were not significantly different, but costs to treat UTIs and either UTI and/or GMI were significantly lower for canagliflozin patients vs controls.

Conclusions: In a real-world setting, the costs to payers of treating UTIs and GMIs are generally similar for patients with T2DM initiated on canagliflozin vs other AHAs.     

‘Chronic unease’ for safety in senior managers: an interview study of its components,behaviours and consequences

The high reliability literature describes a sense of chronic unease as supporting managers’ ability to deal with (safety) risks. This concept has been proposed to contain five components, namely the traits of propensity to worry, pessimism, and the cognitive abilities of requisite imagination, flexible thinking and vigilance. We study their applicability to senior managers’ experience of chronic unease and explore related behaviours and consequences. Semi-structured interviews (n = 27) were conducted with senior managers from the energy sector. Content analysis identified flexible thinking most frequently, followed by pessimism, propensity to worry, vigilance and requisite imagination. Experience additionally emerged as a theme. Sections that had been coded as flexible thinking were frequently also coded as a behaviour, suggesting it to be a partially observable response to chronic unease. Other behaviours that emerged as related to chronic unease were demonstrating safety commitment, transformational and transactional leadership styles, and seeking information. Chronic unease was described as having positive effects on safety, positive and negative effects on team interaction and negative effects on business and the managers’ personal outcomes. The findings indicate that the five components provide a basis for the measurement of chronic unease and suggest central behaviours and responses that should be considered in its future investigation.     

Accounting for length of hospital stay in regression models in clinical epidemiology

In hospital epidemiology, logistic regression is a popular model to study risk factors of hospital-acquired infections. One key issue in this analysis is how to incorporate the time dependency of acquiring an infection during the hospital stay. In the applied literature, researchers often simply adjust for the entire length of hospital stay, which also includes the time after infection. A further issue is that discharge and death are competing events for hospital-acquired infections. After discussing the limitations of logistic regression adjusted for length of stay in this setting, we compare this approach with appropriate analyses incorporating competing risks and with an illness–death model with hospital-acquired infection as an intermediate event. The cumulative incidence function, cause-specific hazard ratios, and subdistribution hazard ratios are considered as reference measures. Real-life and simulated data are used to demonstrate biases and limitations associated with logistic regression adjusted for length of stay. We conclude that logistic regression adjusted for length of stay should not be used when investigating hospital-acquired infections and that appropriate methods involving the use of multistate models should be used to capture the time dependency in time-to-event settings, especially in the presence of competing events.     

Prediction of chronic kidney disease stages by renal ultrasound imaging

ABSTRACT

To detect chronic kidney disease (CKD) at earlier stages, diagnosis through non-invasive ultrasonographic imaging techniques provides an auxiliary clinical approach for at-risk CKD patients. We have established a detection method based on imaging processing techniques and machine learning approaches for the diagnosis of different CKD stages. Decisive area-proportional and textural features and support-vector-machine techniques were applied for efficient and effective analyses. Several clustered collections of CKD patients were evaluated and compared according to the estimated glomerular filtration rates. Based on the findings of evolving changes from ultrasound images, the proposed approach could be used as complementary evidences to help differentiate between different clinical diagnoses.     

中国农村长期贫困程度、特征与影响因素

基于2002年的中国家庭收入项目（CHIP）调查数据,考察了中国农村的长期贫困与暂时性贫困。研究发现：中国农村更多呈现出暂时性消费贫困的特征,并且贫困家庭脱贫后进入高收入阶层的机会较小;离贫困线越远,其脱贫能力越低,离贫困线越近,其返贫的比例越高。远离区域经济中心、家庭负担较重、小孩老人较多的家庭容易陷入长期贫困。村支书的年轻化对于中下层贫困阶层摆脱长期贫困具有重要意义。社会政治资本、劳动力素质和居住条件是影响中等贫困家庭脱离长期贫困的重要因素。     

防御传染病的风景园林应对策略设想 一一基于打破传染链的视角

近年来新发传染病频现，引起社会广泛关注。风景 园林能有效助力公共健康，历史上也曾在应对传染病方面发挥 出重要作用，但当前相关研究与实践仍处于起步阶段。以世界 卫生组织(WHO)、中国疾病预防控制中心(CDC)和相关重 要医学专著、国际期刊为数据来源，从传染病传染链的病原 体、传染源、排出门户、传播途径、侵入门户和宿主六大要素 出发，分析并总结54种主流传染病暴发的主要环境诱因，包 括气候变化、土地利用变化、环境卫生和生态系统4个方面。 认为传染病暴发的主要风险在于稳态环境的改变，指出风景园 林应对的根本性策略在于通过环境管理手段维持环境的稳态， 进而间接作用于传染链要素，实现打破传染链、防控传染病的 目的。在此基础上，提出了由防疫评估、变化监测和环境控制 构成的风景园林应对传染病策略，并从气候、土地利用、环境 卫生、生态系统和配套设施5个方面展开论述。     

干扰素在儿科的临床应用

目的研究干扰素在儿科中的临床疗效。方法应用重组人干扰素α1b对上呼吸道、水痘、流行性感冒、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎患儿进行治疗,肌肉注射重组人干扰素α1b50～100U/次,每天一次,疗程为3-5天。结果重组人干扰素α1b治疗上呼吸道感染、水痘、流行性感冒、手足口病、流行性腮腺炎的总有效率分别为96.03%、92.08%、94.05%、94.05%、91.08%。有少数患儿出现发热、白细胞减少、血小板减少等异常,停药后即恢复正常,未发生其他明显的副作用。结论干扰素应用简单,疗效确切,且副作用少,在儿科有广泛的应用。